However, the modified dizi's extra tone holes prevent the effective use of the membrane, so this instrument lacks the inherent timbre of the traditional dizi family. In the 1930s, an 11-hole, fully chromatic version of the dizi was created, pitched in the same range as the western flute. During the middle of the 20th century dizi makers further changed the finger hole placements to allow for playing in equal temperament, as demanded by new musical developments and compositions, although the traditional dizi continue to be used for purposes such as kunqu accompaniment. Zheng also repositioned the figure-holes to change the notes produced. On traditional dizi the finger-holes are spaced approximately equidistant, which produces a temperament of mixed whole-tone and three-quarter-tone intervals.
This method allows the length of the bamboo to be modified for minute adjustment to its fundamental pitch. In the 1920s musician Zheng Jinwen ( 鄭覲文, 1872–1935) resolved this issue by inserting a copper joint to connect two pieces of shorter bamboo. While simple and straightforward, it is also impossible to change the fundamental tuning once the bamboo is cut, which made it a problem when it was played with other instruments in a modern Chinese orchestra. Traditionally dizi is made by using a single piece of bamboo. Modern modifications Ĭlose-up of the di mo on a dizi, as well as the metal joint of a dizi. The earliest known examples of bone flutes date back around 42,000 years ago. Multiple examples from different cultures consist of a drilled piece of bone, which is well-suited as a material due to its hollow nature. These flutes share common features with other simple flutes from cultures all around the world. The dizi as we know it today roughly dates to the 5th century BC, and there have been examples of bamboo dizi that date back to 2nd century BC. These flutes were carved with five to eight holes, and are capable of producing sounds that roughly span an octave. The Jiahu neolithic site in central Henan province of China has yielded flutes dating back to 7,000 BC – 5,000 BC that could represent the earliest playable instruments ever found. Fragments of bone flutes from this period are still playable today, and are remarkably similar to modern versions in terms of hole placement, etc. Recently, archaeologists have discovered evidence suggesting that the simple transverse flutes (though without the distinctive mokong of the dizi) have been present in China for over 9,000 years. Other Chinese bamboo wind instruments include the vertical end-blown xiao and the koudi. The dizi is not the only bamboo flute of China.
#Chines flute music professional
Jade dizi (or 玉笛 yùdi) are popular among both collectors interested in their beauty, and among professional players who seek an instrument with looks to match the quality of their renditions however, jade may not be the best material for dizi since, as with metal, jade may not be as tonally responsive as bamboo, which is more resonant. Dizi produced in southern Chinese regions such as Chaozhou are often made of very slender, lightweight, light-colored bamboo and are much quieter in tone.Īlthough bamboo is the common material for the dizi, it is also possible to find dizi made from other kinds of wood, or even from stone. Northern Chinese dizi are made from purple or violet bamboo, while dizi made in Suzhou and Hangzhou are made from white bamboo. However, "bamboo" is perhaps more of a Chinese instrument classification like " woodwind" in the West. Most dizi are made of bamboo, which explains why dizi are sometimes known by simple names such as Chinese bamboo flute. The dizi is also a popular instrument among the Chinese people as it is simple to make and easy to carry. It is a major Chinese musical instrument that is widely used in many genres of Chinese folk music, Chinese opera, as well as the modern Chinese orchestra.
It is also sometimes known as the di ( 笛) or héngdi ( 橫笛), and has varieties including Qudi ( 曲笛), Bangdi ( 梆笛), and Xindi ( 新笛). The dizi ( Chinese: 笛子 pinyin: dízi, pronounced ), is a Chinese transverse flute. Problems playing this file? See media help.
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